Prove di Soft Power russo nello spazio post-sovietico
Abstract
The article deals with the growing centrality held by the Russian politics in the post-Soviet space. More in detail, after the Colour Revolution in the Eurasian region, the Kremlin has increased its efforts to spread a positive Russia's image and to become a reference model for the region, starting point for the nation's restart even internationally. However, the recent conflicts, from the Georgian war to the one in Ukraine, have shown the limits of a power that in times of trouble uses the military force to impose its own will. Poised between openings to the Soft Power and the return to the dynamics typical of an imperial power, Moscow has to resolve its ambiguity if it wants to have an influence on the region and to encourage the creation of alternative poles against the Western claims of universality.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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Keating, V.C. & Kaczmarska, K. (2019). Conservative soft power: liberal soft power bias and the ‘hidden’ attraction of Russia. Journal of International Relations and Development, (22), 1–27.
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Kosachev, K. (2012) The Specifics of Russian Soft Power. Russia in Global Affairs, (3). In http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/The-Specifics-of-Russian-Soft-Power-15683.
Krastev, I. (2005). Russia’s Post-Orange Empire. Opendemocracy. In http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-europe_constitution/postorange_2947.jsp.
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Laine, V. The “Russian World” and the Orthodox Church in the Post-Soviet Space. What has remained of the URSS FIIA Report, (58), 195 -212.
Laruelle, M. (2015). The “Russian World”. Russia’s Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination. Washington DC: Center on Global Interests.
Liu, Y & Guan, H. (2014). The adjustment of soft power policy during the new-period Russian diplomatic transformation. Northeast Asia Forum, (24), 73-86.
Lough, J. & Lutsevyc, O. & Pomerantsev, P. et al. (2014). Russian Influence Abroad: Non-state Actors and Propaganda. Londra: Chatham House.
Luk’janov, F. (2009). Poiski “mjagkoj sily” (Alla ricerca del “soft power”). In https://www.forbes.ru/forbes/issue/2009-10/18949-poiski-%C2%ABmyagkoi%C2%BB-sily.
Matveeva, A. (2018). Russia’s Power Projection after the Ukraine Crisis. Europe-Asia Studies, 70 (5), 711-737.
Mettan, G. (2016). Russofobia. Roma: Sandro Teti Editore.
Nikitina, Y. (2014). Rossijskij podxod k prodviženiju “mjagkoj sily” v sfere vnešnej politiki (L’approccio russo al “soft power” in politica estera). Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta, (2), 30-35.
Nye, J. (2004). Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics.New York: PublicAffairs.
Nye, J. (2013). What China and Russia don’t get about Soft Power. Foreign Policy. In: https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/29/what-china-and-russia-dont-get-about-soft-power/.
Osipova, Y. (2014). “Russification” of “Soft Power”: Trasformation of a Concept. Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy, (5), 56-77.
Putin, V. (2001). Vystuplenie na otkrytii Kongressa sootečestvennikov (Discorso all’apertuta del Congresso dei compatriota) 11 ottobre del 2001. In http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21359
Putin, V. (2012a). Rossija i menjajuščijcja mir (La Russia e il mondo che cambia). Moskovskie Novosti del 27 febbraio 2012. In http://mn.ru/politics/20120227/312306749.html.
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Rotaru, V. (2018). Forced Attaction? How Russia is instrumentalizing its soft power sources in the “near abroad”. Problems of Post- Communism, 65 (1), 37-48.
Rutland, P & Kazantsev, A. (2016). The limits of Russia’s ‘soft power’. Journal of Political Power, (9), 395-413.
Sakwa, R. & Kazarinova, D.B. (2018), The Radicalization of the West and the Clash of World Orders. An Interview with Richard Sakwa. RUDN Journal of Political Science, 20 (2), 148-53.
Scocozza, C. (2015). Modelos alternativos de integración económica: el caso de la Unión Económica Eurasiática. In AA.VV., La arquitectura del ordenamiento internacional y su desarrollo en materia económica (pp. 463-489). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Sergunin, A. & Karabeshkin, L. (2015). Understanding Russia’s Soft Power Strategy. Politics, 35 (3-4), 347-363.
Shakirov, O. (2013). Russian Soft Power Under Construction. In https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/33484.
Stilo, A. (2019). Il Valdai Club 2019 e le aspirazioni russe da potenza globale. Osservatorio Strategico, (5), 47-52.
Tafuro Ambrosetti, E. (2018). La partita eurasiatica di Putin: oltre l’unione doganale? In https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/la-partita-eurasiatica-di-putin-oltre-lunione-doganale-20428).
Torkunov, A. (2013). Education as a Soft Power Instrument of Russia’s Foreign Policy. In https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/education-as-a-soft-power-instrument-of-russia-s-foreign-pol/.
Tsygankov, A. (2006). If not by tanks, then by banks? The role of Soft Power in Putin’s Foreign Policy. Europe-Asia Studies, (7), 1079-1099.
Drezner, D. (2016). Is there value in Valdai?. Washington Post. In https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/10/26/is-there-value-in-valdai/.
Keating, V.C. & Kaczmarska, K. (2019). Conservative soft power: liberal soft power bias and the ‘hidden’ attraction of Russia. Journal of International Relations and Development, (22), 1–27.
Koncepcija vnešnej politiki Rossijskoj Federacii (Dottrina di politica estera della Federazione Russa). (2013) In http://static.kremlin.ru/media/events/files/41d447a0ce9f5a96bdc3.pdf.
Koncepcija vnešnej politiki Rossijskoj Federacii (Dottrina di politica estera della Federazione Russa). (2016). In https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/2542248?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_CptICkB6BZ29&_101_INSTANCE_CptICkB6BZ29_languageId=ru_RU
Kokoshin, A. (2006). Russian Sovereignty and Sovereign Democracy. Russia in Global Affairs, (4), 150-181.
Kosachev, K. (2012) The Specifics of Russian Soft Power. Russia in Global Affairs, (3). In http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/The-Specifics-of-Russian-Soft-Power-15683.
Krastev, I. (2005). Russia’s Post-Orange Empire. Opendemocracy. In http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-europe_constitution/postorange_2947.jsp.
Kudors, A. (2010). “Russian World” – Russia’s Soft Power Approach to Compatriots Policy. Russian Analytical Digest, (81), 2-6.
Laine, V. The “Russian World” and the Orthodox Church in the Post-Soviet Space. What has remained of the URSS FIIA Report, (58), 195 -212.
Laruelle, M. (2015). The “Russian World”. Russia’s Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination. Washington DC: Center on Global Interests.
Liu, Y & Guan, H. (2014). The adjustment of soft power policy during the new-period Russian diplomatic transformation. Northeast Asia Forum, (24), 73-86.
Lough, J. & Lutsevyc, O. & Pomerantsev, P. et al. (2014). Russian Influence Abroad: Non-state Actors and Propaganda. Londra: Chatham House.
Luk’janov, F. (2009). Poiski “mjagkoj sily” (Alla ricerca del “soft power”). In https://www.forbes.ru/forbes/issue/2009-10/18949-poiski-%C2%ABmyagkoi%C2%BB-sily.
Matveeva, A. (2018). Russia’s Power Projection after the Ukraine Crisis. Europe-Asia Studies, 70 (5), 711-737.
Mettan, G. (2016). Russofobia. Roma: Sandro Teti Editore.
Nikitina, Y. (2014). Rossijskij podxod k prodviženiju “mjagkoj sily” v sfere vnešnej politiki (L’approccio russo al “soft power” in politica estera). Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta, (2), 30-35.
Nye, J. (2004). Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics.New York: PublicAffairs.
Nye, J. (2013). What China and Russia don’t get about Soft Power. Foreign Policy. In: https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/29/what-china-and-russia-dont-get-about-soft-power/.
Osipova, Y. (2014). “Russification” of “Soft Power”: Trasformation of a Concept. Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy, (5), 56-77.
Putin, V. (2001). Vystuplenie na otkrytii Kongressa sootečestvennikov (Discorso all’apertuta del Congresso dei compatriota) 11 ottobre del 2001. In http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21359
Putin, V. (2012a). Rossija i menjajuščijcja mir (La Russia e il mondo che cambia). Moskovskie Novosti del 27 febbraio 2012. In http://mn.ru/politics/20120227/312306749.html.
Putin, V. (2012b). Soveščanie poslov i postojannych predstavitelej Rossii (Incontro con gli ambasciatori e le rappresentanze permanenti di Russia) del 9 luglio 2012. In http://www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/15902.
Rotaru, V. (2018). Forced Attaction? How Russia is instrumentalizing its soft power sources in the “near abroad”. Problems of Post- Communism, 65 (1), 37-48.
Rutland, P & Kazantsev, A. (2016). The limits of Russia’s ‘soft power’. Journal of Political Power, (9), 395-413.
Sakwa, R. & Kazarinova, D.B. (2018), The Radicalization of the West and the Clash of World Orders. An Interview with Richard Sakwa. RUDN Journal of Political Science, 20 (2), 148-53.
Scocozza, C. (2015). Modelos alternativos de integración económica: el caso de la Unión Económica Eurasiática. In AA.VV., La arquitectura del ordenamiento internacional y su desarrollo en materia económica (pp. 463-489). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Sergunin, A. & Karabeshkin, L. (2015). Understanding Russia’s Soft Power Strategy. Politics, 35 (3-4), 347-363.
Shakirov, O. (2013). Russian Soft Power Under Construction. In https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/33484.
Stilo, A. (2019). Il Valdai Club 2019 e le aspirazioni russe da potenza globale. Osservatorio Strategico, (5), 47-52.
Tafuro Ambrosetti, E. (2018). La partita eurasiatica di Putin: oltre l’unione doganale? In https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/la-partita-eurasiatica-di-putin-oltre-lunione-doganale-20428).
Torkunov, A. (2013). Education as a Soft Power Instrument of Russia’s Foreign Policy. In https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/education-as-a-soft-power-instrument-of-russia-s-foreign-pol/.
Tsygankov, A. (2006). If not by tanks, then by banks? The role of Soft Power in Putin’s Foreign Policy. Europe-Asia Studies, (7), 1079-1099.
Pubblicato
2020-05-21
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