The Transnational Food Network of the Italian American Families
Business, Gender and Generation at the beginning of the XX century
Abstract
This essay will focus on the relations between food, gender, and generation among Italian Americans at the beginning of the XX century. Families had been the center of a generational shock, in which parents forced sons and daughters to accept a tradition to keep the power on new generations. The tradition they claimed to belong to, was an ideological construction suitable for the American life, which witnessed the decline of the patriarchal family. Food also played an important role in family business development in Italy and United States. Some family-run, or family-owned companies developed their business on the two sides of the Ocean influencing at the same time the Italian and American industrial landscape. This essay will connect cultural and social history of the Italian American families with economic and business histories elements, key references to understand the way Italians shaped their ethnic identity in the Americans diaspora background.
References
Baldasseroni, F. (1912). Come si devono studiare gli usi e costumi dei nostri emigrati. In Atti del Primo congresso di etnografia italiana (pp. 179-81). Perugia: Società di etnografia italiana.
Baldoli, C. (2000). Le Navi. Fascismo e vacanze in una colonia estiva per i figli degli italiani all’estero. Memoria e Ricerca, 6, 163-76.
Banti, A.M. (2011). Sublime madre nostra. La nazione italiana dal Risorgimento al fascismo. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Basch, L., Glick Schiller, N. and Szanton Blanc, C. (Eds) (1994). Nations unbound. Transnational projects, postcolonial predicament, and deterritorialized nation-states. London: Routledge.
Baily, S.L. and Ramella, F. (Eds) (1988). One family two world. An Italia family’s correspondence across the Atlantic, 1901-1922. New Brunswick-London: Rutgers University Press.
Beagan B., et al. (2014). Acquired tastes. Why families eat the wat they do. Vancouver: UBC Press.
Bevilacqua, P. (1981). Emigrazione transoceanica e mutamenti dell’alimentazione contadina calabrese fra Otto e Novecento. Quaderni Storici, 47, 520-55.
Bona, M.J. (2018). Mothers and daughters in Italian American narratives. In W.J. Connell & S.G. Pugliese (Eds.) The Routledge history of Italian Americans (pp. 385-402). New York: Routledge.
Busch, N.F. (1939). Joe Di Maggio. Life, may, 63-69.
Cairns, K., Johnston, J. (2015). Food and Femininity. London: Bloomsbury.
Campani, G. (2000). Genere, etnia e classe. Migrazioni al femminile tra esclusioni e identità. Pisa: ETS.
Carletti L and Giometti, C. (2016). Raffaello on the road. Rinascimento e propaganda in America (1938-40). Roma: Carocci.
Cavarocchi, F. (2010). Avanguardie dello spirito. Il fascismo e la propaganda culturale all’estero. Carocci: Roma.
Choate, M. I. (2008). Emigrant Nation. The making of Italy abroad. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Cinotto, S. (2001). Una famiglia che mangia insieme. Cibo ed etnicità nella comunità italoamericana di New York, 1920-1940. Torino: Otto.
Cinotto, S. (2008). Terra soffice uva nera. vitivinicoltori piemontesi in California prima e dopo il Proibizionismo. Torino: Otto.
Cinotto, S. (2009). La cucina diasporica: il cibo come segno di identità culturale. In, Storia d’Italia. 24. Migrazioni (pp. 653-72). Torino: Einaudi.
Cinotto, S. (2010). All thingsItalian: Italian American consumers and the commodification of difference. Voices in Italian Americana, 21 (1), 3-44.
Cinotto, S. (2018). Culture and identity on the table. Italian American food as social history. In W.J. Connell & S.G. Pugliese (Eds) The Routledge history of Italian Americans (pp. 179-92). New York: Routledge.
Corti, P. (2009). Famiglie transnazionali. In Storia d’Italia. 24. Migrazioni (pp. 303-316). Torino: Einaudi.
Covello, L. (1934). Language usage in italian families. New York: Casa Italiana Educational Bureau.
Covello, L. (1958). The heart is the teacher. New York: McGraw Hill.
Covello, L. (1967). The social background of the Italo-American school child: a study of the southern Italian family mores and their effect on the school situation in Italy and America. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
De Grazia, V. (1992). How fascism ruled women: Italy 1922-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.
De Ianni, N. (1998). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 36. http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/luigi-del-gaizo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/
Diner, H. (2001). Hungering for America: Italian, irish and Jewish foodways in the Age of migration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Fante, J. (1938).Wait until spring, Bandini: a novel. New York: Stackpole Sons.
Foerster, R.F. (1919). The Italian emigration of our times. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Foner, N. (2005) Transnationalism old and new. In N. Foner (Ed by) In a new land: a comparative view of immigration (pp. 62-88). New York: New York University Press.
Frezza Bicocchi, D. (1970). Propaganda fascista e comunità in USA: la Casa Italiana della Columbia University. Studi Storici, 11 (4), 661-97.
Gabaccia, D.R. (1996). Women of the mass migrations: from minority to majority, 1820-1930. In D. Hoerder & L.P. Moch (Eds) European Migrants: Global and Local Perspectives (pp. 90-111). Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Gabaccia, D.R. (1998). We are what we eat. Ethnic food and the making of Americans. Cambridhe: Harvard University Press.
Garroni, M.S. and Vezzosi, E. (2009). Italiane migrant. In Storia d’Italia. 24. Migrazioni (449-465).
Gedalof, I. (2009). Birth belonging, and migrant mothers: narratives of reproduction in feminist migration studies. Feminist Review, 93, 81-100.
Giunta E. & Sciorra J. (2014). Embroidered stories: interpreting women’s domestic needlework from the Italian Diaspora. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press.
Green, N. and Waldinger, R. (2016). A Century of transnationalism. Immigrants and their homeland connections. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Harney, R. (1979). Men without women. Italian migrants in Canada, 1885-1930. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 11 (1), 29-47.
Harzig, C., Hoerder, D and Gabaccia, D. (2009). What if migration history? (What is history?). Malden: Polity Press.
Luconi, S. (2002). “Buy Italian!” Commercio, consumi e identità italo-americana tra le due guerre. Contemporanea, 5 (3), 455-73.
Luconi, S. and Tintori, G. (2004). L’ombra lunga del fascio: canali di propaganda fascista per gli “italiani d’America”. Milano: M&B Publishing.
Luconi, S. (2005a). Etnia e patriottismo nella pubblicità per gli italo-americani durante la guerra d’Etiopia. Italia Contemporanea, 241, 514-22.
Luconi, S. (2005b). Dalla nicchia al mercato: l’imprenditoria italo-americana a Providence, Rhode Island. Memoria e Ricerca, 18, 21-39.
Mahler, S.J. & Pessar, P.R. (2001). Gendered geographies of power: analazing gender across transnational spaces. Identities, 7 (4), 442-59.
Mantegazza, A. (2005). Dizionario biografico degli Italliani. Vol. 65. http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/locatelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/
Marks, S. (2005). Finding Betty Crocker: the secret life of America’s lady of food. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Mayor Des Plances, E. (1913). Attraverso gli Stati Uniti. Per l’emigrazione italiana. Torino: Unione tipografica torinese.
Morawska, E. (2001). Immigrants, transnationalism, and ethnicization : a comparison of this great wave and the last. In G. Gerstle and J.H. Mollenkops (Eds). E pluribus unim? Contemporary and historical perspectives on immigrant political incorporation (pp. 175-212). New York: Russel Sage.
Muzzarelli, M.G., Tarozzi, F. (2003). Donne e cibo. Una relazione nella storia. Milano: Mondadori.
Muzzarelli, M.G. (2013). Le ricette di vita del dottor Amal e di Petronilla: 1929-1947. Milano: Fondazione Corriere della Sera.
Parsons, J.M. (2015). Gender, Class and Food. Families, bodies, and health. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMIllan.
Portaluppi, M. (2011). Tra l’Appennino e l’America. Una rete di affari lungo il XIX secolo. Reggio Emilia: Diabasis.
Pretelli, M. (2005). Italia e Stati Uniti: «diplomazia culturale» e relazioni commerciali dal fascismo al dopoguerra. Italia Contemporanea, 241, 523-34.
Pretelli, M. (2006). Culture or propaganda ? Fascism and Italian culture in the United States. Studi Emigrazione, 42 (161), 171-92.
Pretelli, M. (2009). Fascismo e postfascismo tra gli italiani all’estero. In Storia d’Italia. 24. Migrazioni (pp. 371-86). Torino: Einaudi.
Pretelli, M. (2012). La via fascista alla democrazia americana: cultura e propaganda nelle comunità italo-americane. Viterbo: Sette Città.
Reeder, L. (2003). Widows in white: migration and transformation of rural Italian women, 1880-1920. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Ruggiero, A. (1937). Italiani in America. Milano: Treves.
Santoro, S. (2003). La Propaganda fascista negli Stati Uniti. L’Italy America Society. Contemporanea, 6 (1), 63-92.
Siciliani, D. (1922). Fra gli italiani degli Stati Uniti d’America. Roma: Stabilimento poligrafico per l’amministrazione della guerra.
Teti, V. (2001). Emigrazione, alimentazione, culture popolari. In P. Bevilacqua, A. De Clementi, E. Franzina (Eds). Storia dell’emigrazione italiana. Partenze (pp. 575-600). Roma: Donzelli.
Tirabassi, M. (1990). Un mondo alla rovescia: le emigrate italiane negli Stati Uniti, da contadine a cittadine. In P. Corti (ed. by), Società rurale e ruoli femminili tra Otto e Novecento (pp. 307-24). Annali dell’Istituto Alcide Cervi, 12.
Waldinger, R. (2015). The cross-border connection: immigrants, emigrants, and their homelands. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zanoni, E. (2010). Returning home in the imaginary: advertisements and consumption in the Italian American press. Voices in Italian Americana. 21 (1), 46-61.
Zanoni, E. (2012). ‘Per Voi Signore’: gendered representations of fashion, food, and Fascism in Il Progresso Italo-Americano during the 1930s.Journal of American Ethnic History, 31 (3), 33-71.
Zanoni, E. (2014). In Italy everyone enjoys it – Why not in America? Italian Americans and consumption in transnational perspective during the early Twentieth Century. In S. Cinotto (ed by) Making Italian America. Consumer culture and the production of Ethnic Identities (pp. 71-82). New York: Fordham University Press.
Zanoni, E. (2018). Migrant Marketplaces. Food and Italians in North and South America. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following points:
- The author(s) guarantee(s) that the article is original and that it has not previously published nor sent to other journals for consideration.
- The author(s) declare(s) that the article does not violate the copyright of third parties and assume(s) the full personal and financial responsibility for any legal action which may be brought by third parties against the ICSR Mediterranean Knowledge
- The author(s) retain(s) the rights of the article. The ICSR Mediterranean Knowledge is allowed to publish it in digital edition with licence Creative Commons Attribution Licence 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) or in any other form that the publisher considers opportune. The licence allows others to share the article, provided that the authorship and the initial publication in this journal are reported.
- The author(s) can establish arrangements with non-exclusive license to distribute the published version of the article (eg. deposit it in an institutional archive or publish it in a monograph), indicating that it was first published in the Journal of Mediterranean Knoweldge.
- The author(s) can distribute the work online (eg. on their website) only after that it is published by the Journal of Mediterranean Knoweldge (see The Effect of Open Access).